There have been two Darfur Peace Agreements that have been signed between the Government of Sudan and Darfuri rebel groups which have intended to end the conflict that is taking place in the Darfur region of the Republic of Sudan.
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The 2006 Darfur Peace Agreement, also known as the Abuja Abreement, is a peace agreement signed in May 2006 by the largest rebel group the Sudan Liberation Movement led by Mini Menawi and the Sudanese Government is an effort to achieve peace in Darfur. It is an agreement that addresses the long-standing marginalization of Darfur and is intended to chart a path for lasting peace for the innocent victims of the crisis.[1]
The agreement requires that the Sudanese government of National Unity complete verifiable disarmament and demobilization of Janjaweed militia by mid-October 2006 and places restrictions on the movements of the Popular Defense Forces and requires their downsizing. A detailed sequencing and phasing schedule ensures that the African Union certifies that Janjaweed and other armed militia have been disarmed before rebel forces assemble and prepare for their own disarmament and demobilization. The agreement stipulates that 4,000 former combatants be integrated into the Sudanese Armed Forces, 1,000 be integrated into the police forces, and 3,000 be supported through education and training programs. The former combatants will be integrated in groups of 100-150 and will comprise 33 percent of each integrated battalion.
Democratic processes have been laid out for the people of Darfur to choose their leaders and determine their status as a region. Rebel signatories of the agreement were awarded the 4th highest position in the Sudanese Government of National Unity: Senior Assistant to the President and Chairperson of the newly established Transitional Darfur Regional Authority (TDRA). The TDRA will be responsible for implementation of the peace agreement in Darfur and the rebel movements will have effective control of that body. In July 2010, a popular referendum was to be held to decide whether to establish Darfur as a unitary region with a single government. For the three-year period prior to elections, the agreement grants the rebel movements twelve seats in the National Assembly in Khartoum, 21 seats in each of the Darfur State legislatures, one State Governor and two Deputy State Governors in Darfur, senior positions in State Ministries, and key posts in local governments.
The accord commits the international community to holding a donors’ conference to pledge additional funds for Darfur, and invites the TDRA Chairperson to present to that conference a summary of needs and priorities. The GNU is mandated to contribute $300 million initially and then $200 million/year for the next two years to rebuild the region. A Joint Assessment Mission – modeled on the one done for Southern reconstruction after the Comprehensive (North-South) Peace Agreement – will be established to determine the specific reconstruction and development needs of Darfur.
Buffer zones are to be established around camps for internally displaced persons and humanitarian assistance corridors. A commission has been created to work with the United Nations to help refugees and displaced persons return to their homes. The agreement provides that the Sudanese Government will provide $30 million in compensation to victims of the conflict.
The 2011 Darfur Peace Agreement, also known as the Doha Agreement, is a peace agreement signed in July 2011 between the government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement. This agreement will establish a compensation fund for victims of the Darfur conflict, allow the President of Sudan to appoint a Vice-President from Darfur and establish a new Darfur Regional Authority to oversee the region until a referendum can determine its permanent status within the Republic of Sudan.[2] The agreement also provides for power sharing at the national level, movements that sign the agreement will be entitled to nominate two ministers and two four ministers of state at federal level and will be able to nominate 20 members to the national legislature. The movements will be entitled to nominate two state governors in the Darfur region.[3]